Spatio-temporal dynamics of cyanobacterium Dolichospermum lemmermannii populations in a bloom-prone region of Lake Superior

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (cHABs) are increasingly common in marine and freshwater environments, including the Laurentian Great Lakes (LGL). Lake Superior has seen two large-scale cyanobacterial blooms (2012 and 2018) along the Wisconsin shoreline west of the Apostle Islands, caused by the cyanobacterium Dolichospermum lemmermannii. The drivers of bloom formation in Lake Superior are unclear, with many factors known to trigger blooms elsewhere in the LGL absent in Lake Superior. Furthermore, little is known about D. lemmermannii’s spatial structure or phenology. Thus, we tracked the seasonal population dynamics of D. lemmermannii to shed light on its growth, physiology, and abundance. In 2021, we used 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterize spatio-temporal patterns of D. lemmermannii abundance and diversity along the bloom-prone Wisconsin shore of Lake Superior. In 2022, we performed net tows and direct colony counts in another localized area. No large-scale bloom event was observed during either year, though several smaller blooms were observed. D. lemmermannii abundances were low at nearly all sites and sampling times. Spikes in abundance occurred in July and September, particularly near Siskiwit Bay, a hotspot of bloom formation. Most striking was the seasonal turnover of  D. lemmermannii strains, suggesting strain adaptation to specific environmental conditions. These results offer valuable and actionable insights for managers and provide a foundation for additional work to clarify drivers of bloom formation in Lake Superior.

Primary Presenter: Andrew Wood, University of Minnesota Duluth (wood0795@d.umn.edu)

Authors:

Andrew Wood, Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth  (wood0795@d.umn.edu)

Jake Callaghan, Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth  (calla404@umn.edu)

Reane Loiselle, Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth  (loise031@d.umn.edu)

Robert McManus, Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth  (mcman247@d.umn.edu)

Sandra Brovold, Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth  (brovo001@d.umn.edu)

Holly Wellard Kelly, Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth  (hwellard@d.umn.edu)

Elizabeth Alexson, Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth  (alexs005@d.umn.edu)

Robert Sterner, Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth  (stern007@d.umn.edu)

Matthew Hudson, Mary Griggs Burke Center for Freshwater Innovation, Northland College  (mhudson@northland.edu)

Cody Sheik, Large Lakes Observatory and Biology Department, University of Minnesota Duluth  (cssheik@d.umn.edu)