Lead Organizer: Claudia Feijoo, Universidad Nacional de Luján (clasife@yahoo.com.ar)
Co-organizers:
Olena Bilous, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (bilous_olena@ukr.net)
Presentations
06:30 PM
Building Resilience through Engineering With Nature® Principles (4930)
Primary Presenter: Burton Suedel, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (burton.suedel@usace.army.mil)
Sustainable development of coastal infrastructure poses both challenges and opportunities when addressing climate-related hazards. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and others tackling such challenges must plan, design, and implement innovative approaches to engineering and operating infrastructure. Advancing coastal infrastructure practice involves identifying actions that can better align and integrate engineering and natural systems to produce more socially acceptable, economically viable and sustainable projects. Engineering With Nature® (EWN®) is a USACE initiative that supports more sustainable practices, projects, and outcomes by working to intentionally align natural and engineering processes to efficiently and sustainably deliver economic, environmental and social benefits through collaborative processes. EWN can add value to a project by including additional features and functions, improving the use of nature and nature-based infrastructure, and reducing maintenance by utilizing natural processes. When implemented, it allows to adapt management practices, leads to innovative multi-purpose solutions, and promotes designs that stabilize coastal features for improving community and infrastructure resilience. EWN also offers opportunities when repairing, modifying, or replacing aging infrastructure in coastal environments. Altogether, EWN can and should play a role in enhancing coastal resilience using natural infrastructure.
06:30 PM
UNCOVERING THE HIDDEN DIVERSITY OF Amphiglena mediterranea (ANNELIDA: SABELLIDAE): AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH (5281)
Primary Presenter: Mariana Strauss, University of the Balearic Island (marianastr86@gmail.com)
Amphiglena mediterranea Leydig, 1851, was the only species in the genus reported in the Mediterranean Sea, for over a century. Recent studies in the Italian coast evidenced there are lineages compatible with the unified species concept hidden under an apparently similar morphological group. In order to determine Amphiglena diversity along the Western Mediterranean and North-East Atlantic, an integrative approach for species delimitation combining genetic, morphological and also geographical data, was implemented. This represents the first integrative study in Amphiglena and the largest genetic study conducted within the genus. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome C oxidase I, of 90 Amphiglena specimens, were analyzed. The genetic approach included phylogenetic analyses and different distance and tree based molecular species delimitation tools. The morphological approach included microscopic techniques. Seven undescribed Amphiglena genetic lineages compatible with the unified species concept were found in this study adding to the other seven species already reported in the Italian coasts and Madeira. Western Mediterranean species showed restricted and, in some cases, sympatric distributions, indicating no genetic flow between taxa regardless proximity. Morphological features overlapped in certain molecular groups and five morphogroups were identified. Amphiglena holds a vast morphological and genetic diversity that has been overlooked over the years.
06:30 PM
WHY UNDERSTANDING BONE IS CRITICAL FOR UNDERSTANDING HOW VERTEBRATES CONTRIBUTE TO NUTRIENT RECYCLING (5506)
Primary Presenter: Emily May, University of Victoria (emilymay@uvic.ca)
Understanding how animals recycle nutrients is critically important, as animals take up, transform, release, and transport critical nutrients. Ecological stoichiometry (ES) is commonly used to evaluate animal-mediated nutrient recycling. However, empirical data on vertebrates rarely supports ES predictions, both because elemental demand and release do not appear tightly linked to body elemental content and because vertebrates often break the assumption of stoichiometric homeostasis (i.e. that body elemental content remains within bounds as environmental supply fluctuates). Bone, a phosphorus(P)-rich tissue, likely plays a significant role. We systematically reviewed zoological and medical literature to evaluate (1) how bone physiology impacts vertebrate elemental demand and release, (2) how bone causes stoichiometric flexibility, and (3) how bone density varies across both bone types and species. We found that not only does bone change body elemental content, but it also functions directly in mineral homeostasis, complicating how P content affects demand in vertebrates. Additionally, bone (1) can increase or decrease in density depending on environmental conditions, changing body P content, and (2) can substitute elements within its mineral structure, changing its stoichiometry. These two factors, along with bone’s unique role in female reproductive biology, make bone a key trait for understanding stoichiometry. We also found that bone is extremely variable both within and across species, further supporting its role in defining vertebrate P content and elemental flexibility.
06:30 PM
TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH ALLOMETRIC SCALING OF RESPIRATION IN COLONIAL ANIMALS (6154)
Primary Presenter: Patrick Brown, University of Texas at El Paso (pdbrown3@miners.utep.edu)
Allometric scaling factors are highly variable in colonial animals, ranging the expectations of Kleiber’s law to isometric scaling. The causes of allometric scaling of respiration rate in colonial animals are unclear, past studies have indicated that colony shape or integration may be important traits related to scaling factor. To test which factors influence allometric scaling in colonial animals we estimated three novel scaling factors for colonial rotifers and collected known scaling factors for 37 colonial animals from the literature. The novel scaling factors were estimated by measuring respiration rate and colony size. Respiration rate was measured using a Loligo microplate system. After oxygen measurement, colony size was determined from photographs with ImageJ. We estimated a scaling factor of 0.5 to 1.0 for colonial rotifers. Scaling factors were collected from the literature focusing on colonies that present some level of physiological or morphological integration, including modular organisms as well as siphonophores and eusocial insects. A linear mixed regression with hierarchical taxonomic ranks as random effects showed that traits significantly related to allometric scaling factor in colonial animals included colony shape, with globular and linear colonies associated with isometric scaling, whereas unattached lifestyle and the presence of shared extra zooidal structures was related to a lower allometric scaling factor (marginal r-squared: 0.40). Our results suggest that a variety of biological traits relate to allometric scaling of respiration rate.
06:30 PM
New bioactive compounds that promote hair growth from halophyte, Artemisia fukudo Makino (6263)
Primary Presenter: Eun Ju Jeong, Gyeongsang National University (jeong.ej@gnu.ac.kr)
Halophytes, the naturally salt-tolerant plants growing in high salinity soil, have a long history of usage for alimentation, for their medicinal value, for their high salt contents. Halophytes are receiving great attention as a valuable source to sequester carbon and to reduce salinity of soil and also as a cheap and promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites. In the course of searching for new substances that promotes hair growth and prevents hair loss from native halophytes, it was found that the methanolic extract of Artemisia fukudo Makino (Asteraceae) showed the potent activities. In human follicle dermal papilla cell (HFDPC), keratinocyte (HaCaT) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cells, the total methanolic extract of A. fukudo aerial parts significantly increased the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), β-catenin, insulin like growth factor -1 (IGF-1) and p-glycogen synthase kinase (p-GSK) proteins compared to minoxidil, positive control. Eight compounds (1~8) were isolated from the bioactive fraction of A. fukudo extract, and the structures of isolated compounds were determined by 1D-, 2D-NMR and MS analysis. Compounds 1~8 were identified as compound 1 (new), compound 2 (new), reynosin (3), baynol C (4), scopoletin (5), jaceosidin (6), eupatilin (7) and jaceidin (8). Compound 3 and 4 are newly reported in nature and all compounds are reported for the first time from this plant. Among the comounds The isolated compounds 1~8 were evaluated for their activities in HFDPC, HaCaT and HUVEC cells. Among the compounds tested, reynosin (3), baynol C (4), scopoletin (5) and eupatilin (7) showed the most potent improvement in the expressions of β-catenin, IGF-1 and p-GSK in HFDPC, HaCaT and HUVEC cells. A. fukudo extract and its bioactive compounds are expected to have potential candidates that promote hair growth and prevents or treats hair loss.
CS024P Biodiversity
Description
Time: 6:30 PM
Date: 6/6/2023
Room: Mezzanine